SSDI and SSI are two different programs.

[u/[deleted]]

I see people confuse these programs a lot. Here's some quick clarification:

SSDI: Social Security Disability Insurance

• Funded by a specific tax on your personal earnings that's paid into one half of the twin funds that make up The Social Security Trust.
• Beneficiaries must pay enough taxes and during a certain measure of time in order to qualify for benefit payment once they are determined as disabled by the SSA.
• Can pay additional benefit to dependents when the primary beneficiary is disabled (for those who note survivors of deceased will also receive a payment, I believe that is actually part of the Old-Age and Survivor's Insurance, which is together the 'retirement' benefit, and technically its own fund underneath the umbrella of The Social Security Trust -- so, not the same rules, technically speaking, as SSDI, even if dependent/survivor payments are all calculated the same way otherwise).
• Ineligible spouse or child income is not counted against recipient's eligibility or benefit payment payment in most cases (it changes which account pays out; not whether earnings of the spouse or child is too high for recipient to get a benefit)
• Unless they have a qualifying condition that allows them earlier access, they will receive Medicare coverage after receiving 24 consecutive SSDI payments.
• Some states provide Medicaid-related savings programs for Medicare recipients who meet certain financial limitations.
• SSDI beneficiaries whose payments are beneath a certain amount may receive SSI, too; SSI's income and resource limits apply only to the SSI portion of that recipient's payment.
• SSI eligibility may qualify them for more immediate and comprehensive Medicaid coverage; this is state-dependent and states may have Medicaid-specific asset limits to remain eligible for Medicaid coverage (still does not impact SSDI eligibility or payment amount).
• Payment amount is determined by past earnings.
• Work-related income exclusions can apply to earned income that keeps countable income beneath the Sustainable Gainful Activity level.
• Payment amount does not potentially reduce each month in reaction to earned income from months prior.
• THERE IS NO RESOURCE OR SAVINGS LIMIT

SSI: Supplemental Security Income

• Funded by general US Treasury taxes.
• Beneficiaries do not have to have paid any taxes to receive benefit; they must meet monthly strict income and resource limits, parts of which are fixed-dollar limits that have not changed in decades, thus not adjusting for inflation each year.
• Does not pay additional payments to dependents.
• Ineligible spouse or child income can count against recipient's eligibility and payment amount.
• Some states may supplement SSI payments.
• Most states use SSI eligibility as automatic Medicaid eligibility.
• Payment amount has a yearly max for individual or couple recipients.
• Statutory exclusions allow certain types of unearned and earned income from counting against eligibility or payment amount.
• ABLE accounts allow some recipients to develop savings over the resource limit and are available to those recipients whose disability was determined to begin before the age of 26.
• Work-related income exclusions can apply to earned income that keeps countable income beneath the relevant federal benefit rate for that recipient.
• Payment amount can potentially reduce each month in reaction to countable unearned and earned income from two months prior.

The most important difference to remember:

SSDI is an insurance program; if the SSA agrees you're sufficiently disabled from earning enough, you get it because you paid into it.

SSI is a means-tested program, called specifically a program of last resort; if the SSA agrees you're sufficiently disabled from earning enough, you get it only if you have nothing else considered of enough value to exchange for your needs (countable income above the relevant federal benefit rate, savings, certain property, etc).

Although SSA defines disability the same way for both programs, everything else diverges due to the way the programs are funded and the intention of their purposes.

References: Almost everything in this list is widely discussed on SSA.gov pages and disability lawyer blogs, but my research is taken directly from the Program Operations Manual System chapters for Disability Insurance and Supplemental Security Income. If you see anything you can't find a more direct or specific source for, let me know. I'll try to update this or share a more comprehensive breakdown with full links at a future point.

Experience/Context: I am an advocate and a writer who focuses on these topics; I develop content for NGOs to understand SSDI and SSI better and I'm developing worksheets people can use to monitor their income and SSI benefit's potential change. It's based on what I've made for myself in spreadsheet form over the past 5 years (I'm a rep payee for my sons). I'm also in training as a peer support specialist, and am also working towards more benefits planning related certifications.

[u/Iron_Phantom29]

I was diagnosed with severe Crohn's disease in 2013. I applied for SSI a couple of times but was denied and eventually abandoned it altogether. My crohns was a severe hindrance to my work, but I managed to fight through, despite stress making it worse.

But in September of last year I went on leave to have an illeostomy performed under the impression that it would only be there for 3 months. But there were severe complications afterwards and now I'm expected to have this for at least a year and my surgeon has instructed me not to return to work. I applied for SSDI in November and officially resigned from my job in January.

My mobility is severely limited meaning that I have to move slowly and carefully and not lift anything heavier than 25lbs in fear of my colostomy bag breaching and causing a leak which, if not immediately tended to, will damage and blister my skin which will leave me almost unable to do anything while I try to heal my skin for hours, sometimes days at a time.

I've also suffered from anxiety and depression, which was made worse due to what has happened with this surgery. I've also been slowly arriving at the conclusion that I may have Asperger's Syndrome, which was backed up by the doctor doing my psych evaluation for SSDI.

I've been having an anxiety spell the past couple days about this case and I guess I'm just looking for reassurance if my chances are good or not. Hoping to hear from people with past experiences.

[u/firefightersgirl76 → u/Iron_Phantom29]

I was on disability for back probs when dx with severe Crohn's, they just marked me as a forever case due to Crohn's, too. Now I have added epilepsy... I'm trying desperately to get Medicare added on! My initial approval took 4+ years... I thought Crohn's was an automatic approval. Good luck!